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| | Abstract | | In this study, we present a full waveform inversion method in time-domain using controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method to explore submarine massive sulfides (SMS). In this inversion methods, we use a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulation for forward calculation to minimize the calculation time cost. Using data from a synthetic SMS, we demonstrate that conductive anomalies around SMS could be estimated. We discussed the resolution of our CSEM inversion method, considering the orientation of the dipole of a transmitter and receivers. The synthetic inversion examples show that the upper surface of SMS is resolved appropriately with vertical directed dipoles. We also find that the thickness of SMS is resolved accurately when we use the horizontal directed dipoles. These differences of the inversion results are explained considering the electric current. From numerical results, we consider that it is efficient to employ different oriented dipoles of transmitter and receivers for accurate inversion. |
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